1. Different properties

Differential encoder, also known as incremental encoder, converts displacement into periodic electrical signals, which are then converted into counting pulses. The number of pulses is used to represent the magnitude of displacement. According to the working principle, encoders can be divided into incremental and absolute types.

An encoder is a device that encodes and converts signals (such as bitstreams) or data into a signal format that can be used for communication, transmission, and storage.

2. Different working principles

Differential encoder: There are equal angle gaps (divided into transparent and opaque parts) on the edge of a coding disc, and light sources and photosensitive elements are installed on both sides of the slotted coding disc. When the encoder rotates along with the working axis, a change in light intensity occurs every time it passes through a gap. After being shaped and amplified, an electrical pulse output signal with a certain amplitude and power can be obtained, and the number of pulses is equal to the number of gaps that have been rotated.

Send the pulse signal to the counter for counting, and the angle of rotation of the encoder can be determined from the measured digital number. To determine the direction of rotation, two sets of photoelectric conversion devices can be used. Make them have a certain relative position in space, so as to ensure that the signals they generate have a phase difference of 1/4 cycle.

Encoder: A photoelectric encoder with a central axis, on which there are circular markings for light and dark. It is read by photoelectric emitting and receiving devices to obtain four sets of sine wave signals combined into A, B, C, and D. Each sine wave has a phase difference of 90 degrees (360 degrees relative to one cycle). The C and D signals are reversed and superimposed on the A and B phases to enhance stable signals.

Additionally, output a Z-phase pulse for each revolution to represent the zero reference position. Due to the 90 degree difference between phase A and phase B, the forward and reverse rotation of the encoder can be determined by comparing whether phase A is ahead or phase B. By using the zero position pulse, the zero position reference position of the encoder can be obtained.

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